Biblical Hebrew

The Hebrew verb בָּדַק (root: ב-ד-ק) means “to examine,” “to inspect,” “to test,” or “to investigate.” It appears frequently in the Hebrew Bible, especially in contexts involving the inspection of persons (e.g., for disease), objects, and buildings, particularly within priestly or ritual contexts. Most often it occurs in the Qal binyan, where it denotes the simple action of examining or checking. Occasionally, it appears in the Pual or Hophal stems in passive constructions.   Qal Binyan Conjugation of בָּדַק Past (Perfect) Tense Person Form 1st person singular בָּדַקְתִּי 2nd person masculine singular בָּדַקְתָּ 2nd person feminine singular בָּדַקְתְּ 3rd person masculine singular בָּדַק 3rd person feminine singular בָּדְקָה 1st person plural בָּדַקְנוּ 2nd person masculine plural בְּדַקְתֶּם 2nd person feminine plural בְּדַקְתֶּן 3rd person plural בָּדְקוּ Present (Participle) Tense Gender/Number Form Masculine singular בֹּדֵק Feminine singular בֹּדֶקֶת Masculine plural בּוֹדְקִים Feminine plural בּוֹדְקוֹת Future (Imperfect) Tense Person Form 1st person singular אֶבְדֹּק 2nd person masculine singular תִּבְדֹּק 2nd person feminine singular תִּבְדְּקִי 3rd person masculine singular יִבְדֹּק 3rd person feminine singular תִּבְדֹּק 1st person plural נִבְדֹּק 2nd person masculine plural תִּבְדְּקוּ 2nd person feminine plural תִּבְדֹּקְנָה 3rd person plural יִבְדְּקוּ Imperative Mood Person Form 2nd person masculine singular בְּדֹק 2nd person feminine singular בִּדְקִי 2nd person masculine plural בִּדְקוּ 2nd person feminine plural בְּדֹקְנָה   Usage in Scripture Leviticus 13:3 – וְרָאָה אֹתוֹ הַכֹּהֵן וְרָאָה הַכֹּהֵן אֶת־הַנֶּגַע בְּעוֹר הַבָּשָׂר “The priest shall examine the sore…” – describing a ritual inspection for skin disease.… Learn Hebrew

The Hebrew verb אָשַׁר (root: א-ש-ר) has several shades of meaning depending on context and binyan (verbal stem). In its core sense, it can mean “to go straight,” “to walk uprightly,” “to approve,” or “to confirm.” It appears in both literal and figurative contexts throughout the Hebrew Bible. In the Qal form, it can mean “to go straight” or “to be blessed/upright” (though this is rare), and in the Piel form, it commonly means “to approve,” “to confirm,” or “to pronounce blessed.”… Learn Hebrew

The Hebrew verb אָשַׁם (root: א-ש-ם) carries the core meaning of “to be guilty,” “to offend,” or “to bear guilt.” It is used frequently in the Hebrew Bible in both legal and cultic contexts. This verb is particularly important in discussions of sin, responsibility, atonement, and offerings, such as the אָשָׁם (guilt offering) described in Leviticus. In the Qal binyan, it typically denotes the state of being guilty or having incurred guilt. In some forms, it may also express passive nuance—“to become guilty.”… Learn Hebrew