-
Recent Articles
- “Stand on the Paths and Ask”: The Grammar of Refusal in Jeremiah 6:16
- “My Brothers Have Dealt Treacherously Like a Stream”: The Grammar of Betrayal in Job 6:15
- “Peace, Peace”—The Syntax and Irony of Faux Healing
- Syntax of Judgment: Divine Legal Language in Genesis 6:13 (Onkelos)
- “Beware, Lest You Forget”: The Grammar of Warning in Deuteronomy 6:12
- The Cup That Overflows: Emphatic Repetition and Divine Wrath in Jeremiah 6:11
- The Sons of Noah: Morphological Patterns and Narrative Precision in Genesis 6:10
- The Logic of Signs: Conditional Syntax and Theological Doubt in 1 Samuel 6:9
- “Whom Shall I Send?” — The Grammar of Divine Inquiry and Human Response in Isaiah 6:8
- Erasure by Divine Speech: Volition, Object Marking, and Decreation in Genesis 6:7
- On the Heart and from the Mouth: Command Syntax in Targum Onkelos on Deuteronomy 6:6
- “With All Your Heart, Soul, and Might”: The Grammar of Total Devotion in Deuteronomy 6:5
Categories
Archives
Silent Idols: Infinitives, Negation, and Sensory Absence in Deuteronomy 4:28
Deuteronomy 4:28
וַעֲבַדְתֶּם־שָׁ֣ם אֱלֹהִ֔ים מַעֲשֵׂ֖ה יְדֵ֣י אָדָ֑ם עֵ֣ץ וָאֶ֔בֶן אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־יִרְאוּן֙ וְלֹ֣א יִשְׁמְע֔וּן וְלֹ֥א יֹֽאכְל֖וּן וְלֹ֥א יְרִיחֻֽן׃
Future Prediction: וַעֲבַדְתֶּם־שָׁם אֱלֹהִים
וַעֲבַדְתֶּם is a Qal wayyiqtol 2mp of ע־ב־ד (“to serve”), used here predictively: “and you shall serve.” Read more [...]
Posted in Grammar
Tagged Deuteronomy 4:28
Comments Off on Silent Idols: Infinitives, Negation, and Sensory Absence in Deuteronomy 4:28
The Hebrew Verb גָּזַר: To Cut, Decree, or Decide
The Hebrew verb גָּזַר (root: ג-ז-ר) primarily means “to cut,” “to divide,” or “to decree.” Originally, it referred to a literal act of cutting or severing something. Over time, it took on a more abstract meaning, describing a legal or authoritative decision (i.e., a decree being issued, as if it were “cut out” or finalized).
This verb appears mainly in the Qal binyan (to cut, to decide), and sometimes in the Niphal binyan (to be decreed or decided).
Qal Binyan Read more [...]
Meeting in the Wilderness: Commands, Encounters, and Sequential Verbs in Exodus 4:27
Exodus 4:27
וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֔ן לֵ֛ךְ לִקְרַ֥את מֹשֶׁ֖ה הַמִּדְבָּ֑רָה וַיֵּ֗לֶךְ וַֽיִּפְגְּשֵׁ֛הוּ בְּהַ֥ר הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים וַיִּשַּׁק־לֹֽו׃
Divine Command: וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה אֶל־אַהֲרֹן
וַיֹּאמֶר is a Qal wayyiqtol 3ms of א־מ־ר (“to say”), standard for narrative progression. יְהוָה is the divine speaker, Read more [...]
Posted in Grammar
Tagged Exodus 4:27
Comments Off on Meeting in the Wilderness: Commands, Encounters, and Sequential Verbs in Exodus 4:27
The Hebrew Verb גוּר: To Sojourn, Dwell Temporarily, or Fear
The Hebrew verb גוּר (root: ג-ו-ר) has two main sets of meanings depending on context and binyan:
- In the Qal binyan, it means “to sojourn,” “to reside temporarily,” or “to dwell as an alien.”
- In other usages (especially poetic), it can also mean “to fear” or “to be afraid.”
The primary biblical usage of גוּר involves living temporarily in a land not one’s own—being a foreigner or guest without full citizenship rights. It appears often in narratives about Read more [...]
Posted in Vocabulary
Tagged גור
Comments Off on The Hebrew Verb גוּר: To Sojourn, Dwell Temporarily, or Fear
The Ravaged Vineyard: Visionary Perfects and Destruction Syntax in Jeremiah 4:26
Jeremiah 4:26
רָאִ֕יתִי וְהִנֵּ֥ה הַכַּרְמֶ֖ל הַמִּדְבָּ֑ר וְכָל־עָרָ֗יו נִתְּצוּ֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה מִפְּנֵ֖י חֲרֹ֥ון אַפֹּֽו׃
Vision Report: רָאִיתִי וְהִנֵּה
רָאִיתִי (“I saw”) is a Qal perfect 1cs of ר־א־ה (“to see”), indicating a complete visionary act. וְהִנֵּה (“and behold”) introduces the object of the vision, creating dramatic immediacy Read more [...]
Posted in Grammar
Comments Off on The Ravaged Vineyard: Visionary Perfects and Destruction Syntax in Jeremiah 4:26
The Hebrew Verb גָּדַר: To Fence, Wall Up, or Enclose
The Hebrew verb גָּדַר (root: ג-ד-ר) means “to wall up,” “to fence,” “to enclose,” or “to build a wall.” It is used literally to refer to constructing walls or enclosures, and metaphorically to describe protection, separation, or exclusion.
In the Hebrew Bible, this verb typically appears in the Qal binyan (simple action), and occasionally in the Pual and Hiphil forms when referring to being walled up or causing others to be fenced in. It plays an important role in both Read more [...]
Posted in Vocabulary
Tagged גדר
Comments Off on The Hebrew Verb גָּדַר: To Fence, Wall Up, or Enclose
Blood and Altar: Precision and Ritual Syntax in Leviticus 4:25
Leviticus 4:25
וְלָקַ֨ח הַכֹּהֵ֜ן מִדַּ֤ם הַֽחַטָּאת֙ בְּאֶצְבָּעֹ֔ו וְנָתַ֕ן עַל־קַרְנֹ֖ת מִזְבַּ֣ח הָעֹלָ֑ה וְאֶת־דָּמֹ֣ו יִשְׁפֹּ֔ךְ אֶל־יְסֹ֖וד מִזְבַּ֥ח הָעֹלָֽה׃
Sequential Ritual Actions: וְלָקַ֨ח... וְנָתַ֕ן... יִשְׁפֹּ֔ךְ
The verse progresses through a sequence of wayyiqtol verbs:
וְלָקַ֨ח — “and he Read more [...]
Posted in Grammar
Tagged Leviticus 4:25
Comments Off on Blood and Altar: Precision and Ritual Syntax in Leviticus 4:25
The Hebrew Verb גָּדַל: To Grow, Become Great, or Magnify
The Hebrew verb גָּדַל (root: ג-ד-ל) means “to grow,” “to become great,” or “to be magnified.” It conveys both physical growth (as of a child or plant) and abstract greatness (as in power, importance, or honor). Depending on the binyan (verbal stem), it can describe either natural development or intentional exaltation or glorification.
This verb appears in several binyanim:
- Qal: to grow, become great
- Piel: to make great, magnify, glorify
- Hiphil: to cause to grow or Read more [...]
Posted in Vocabulary
Comments Off on The Hebrew Verb גָּדַל: To Grow, Become Great, or Magnify
Hands, Heads, and Holy Places: Ritual Syntax in Leviticus 4:24
Leviticus 4:24
וְסָמַ֤ךְ יָדֹו֙ עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ הַשָּׂעִ֔יר וְשָׁחַ֣ט אֹתֹ֔ו בִּמְקֹ֛ום אֲשֶׁר־יִשְׁחַ֥ט אֶת־הָעֹלָ֖ה לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה חַטָּ֖את הֽוּא׃
Sequential Actions: וְסָמַ֤ךְ... וְשָׁחַ֣ט
The verse opens with two wayyiqtol verbs: וְסָמַ֤ךְ (“and he shall lay”) and וְשָׁחַ֣ט (“and he shall slaughter”), from the roots ס־מ־ך Read more [...]
Posted in Grammar
Tagged Leviticus 4:24
Comments Off on Hands, Heads, and Holy Places: Ritual Syntax in Leviticus 4:24
The Hebrew Verb גָּבַר: To Prevail, Overcome, or Grow Strong
The Hebrew verb גָּבַר (root: ג-ב-ר) means “to prevail,” “to be strong,” “to overcome,” or “to gain the upper hand.” It denotes increasing power or dominance, whether physical, emotional, or circumstantial. It is often used in poetic and narrative contexts to describe the triumph of people, forces, or even natural elements like water or sin.
The noun form גֶּבֶר (man, warrior) comes from the same root, emphasizing strength or manliness. The verb appears primarily Read more [...]
Posted in Vocabulary
Tagged גבר
Comments Off on The Hebrew Verb גָּבַר: To Prevail, Overcome, or Grow Strong