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Recent Articles
- Through the Great and Fearsome Wilderness: From Fiery Serpent to Flowing Spring
- “Counsel Is Mine” — Exploring the Voice of Wisdom in Proverbs 8:14
- From the Garden to the Ear: Participles and Imperatives in Song of Songs 8:13
- Wisdom’s Self-Introduction: Where Insight Meets Strategy
- Guard Yourself: The Grammar of Memory and Obedience
- Mapping the Syntactic Battlefield
- When Wisdom Speaks Clearly: Syntax and Semantics in Proverbs 8:9
- Sending the Dove: From Loosened Waters to Stilled Waters
- The Mystery of Tomorrow: When Knowledge Meets a Wall
- The Seal of Syntax: Imperatives, Similes, and Poetic Fire in Song of Songs 8:6
- Perpetual Backsliding: Interrogatives, Participles, and the Syntax of Resistance
- Anchored in Syntax: The Resting of the Ark in Genesis 8:4
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Author Archives: Biblical Hebrew
“Good of Understanding and Beautiful in Appearance”: Construct Chains and Characterization in 1 Samuel 25:3
Introduction to 1 Samuel 25:3: Grammar as Narrative Theology
1 Samuel 25:3 introduces two central characters in vivid poetic prose: נָבָל and אֲבִיגָיִל. While this verse appears to simply give names and qualities, it uses construct chains, adjective-noun alignment, and pragmatic word order to communicate deep insights into personality, morality, and spiritual posture. This analysis explores the syntax and morphology of these descriptions to uncover how Hebrew grammar shapes character portrayal in biblical narrative.
וְשֵׁ֤ם הָאִישׁ֙ נָבָ֔ל וְשֵׁ֥ם אִשְׁתּ֖וֹ אֲבִגָ֑יִל וְהָאִשָּׁ֤ה טֽוֹבַת־שֶׂ֨כֶל֙ וִ֣יפַת תֹּ֔אַר וְהָאִ֥ישׁ קָשֶׁ֛ה וְרַ֥ע מַעֲלָלִ֖ים וְה֥וּא כָלִבִּֽי׃
This article analyzes 1 Samuel 25:3, focusing on the construct chain and adjective-noun coordination in the character descriptions of Nabal and Avigayil.… Learn Hebrew
Posted in Grammar
Tagged 1 Samuel, 1 Samuel 25:3
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Verb Study: אָכַל — “to eat, consume”
The Hebrew verb אָכַל (ʾakhal) means “to eat,” but it also extends metaphorically to mean “to consume,” “to devour,” or even “to destroy.” It is one of the most common verbs in the Bible and is used in both literal and figurative contexts — such as people eating food, or fire consuming offerings, or judgment consuming the wicked.
Below is a complete conjugation of אָכַל in the Qal stem, covering all major tenses and persons. All Hebrew forms are bolded for clarity.… Learn Hebrew
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Verb Study: אָחַר — “to delay”
The Hebrew verb אָחַר (ʾaḥar) means “to delay” or “to tarry” and is found multiple times in the Hebrew Bible. This verb is mostly used in the Qal stem and conveys the idea of being late or lingering beyond an expected time. In some contexts, it can carry a negative connotation, such as failing to act promptly when expected.
The root of the verb is א־ח־ר, and it is used both literally and metaphorically. Below is a full conjugation chart of the verb in the Qal stem for past, present, future, and imperative forms.… Learn Hebrew
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“He May Not Take Her Again”: Modal Syntax and Moral Defilement in Deuteronomy 24:4
Introduction to Deuteronomy 24:4: Legal Ethics and the Sanctity of the Land
Deuteronomy 24:4 presents one of the Torah’s more intricate marital laws, prohibiting a man from remarrying his former wife after she has married another man and become defiled. The structure of the verse integrates modal grammar (לֹא יוּכַל), legal causality, and theological rationale (“because she has been defiled,” “because it is an abomination before YHWH”). This verse is not only civil legislation; it also communicates a deep concern for holiness, purity, and the spiritual integrity of the land.… Learn Hebrew
Posted in Grammar
Tagged Deuteronomy, Deuteronomy 24:4
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“Sweeping Away All Things”: The Use of Infinitive Absolute for Emphasis in Zephaniah 1:3
Introduction to Zephaniah 1:3: Cosmic Judgment through Grammatical Emphasis
Zephaniah 1:3 belongs to the opening judgment oracle of the book, where YHWH declares a sweeping destruction across all creation—humans, beasts, birds, and fish. The verse uses a striking grammatical structure: a doubled verb form אָסֵף אָסֵף (“I will utterly sweep away”). This use of the infinitive absolute followed by a finite verb is a well-known Biblical Hebrew construction that conveys intensity, certainty, and determination. In this article, we analyze how this form and the following word structure depict universal judgment, with a literary style echoing Genesis and reversing creation.… Learn Hebrew
Posted in Grammar
Tagged Zephaniah, Zephaniah 1:3
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“He Makes My Feet Like the Deer’s”: Simile and Ascent in Habakkuk 3:19
Introduction to Habakkuk 3:19: Divine Enablement in Poetic Triumph
Habakkuk 3:19 concludes the prophet’s prayer with an expression of exaltation and movement. The imagery of sure-footedness and elevation captures the essence of divine empowerment amid suffering. This article explores the grammatical structure and theological implications of the simile כָּאַיָּלֹות, the verb יַדְרִכֵנִי, and the construct phrase עַל בָּמֹתַי. In a few lines, this verse brings together poetry, syntax, and praise, ending the book on a note of confident ascent.
יְהוִ֤ה אֲדֹנָי֙ חֵילִ֔י וַיָּ֤שֶׂם רַגְלַי֙ כָּֽאַיָּלֹ֔ות וְעַ֥ל בָּמֹותַ֖י יַדְרִכֵ֑נִי לַמְנַצֵּ֖חַ בִּנְגִינֹותָֽי׃
Analysis of Key Clauses and Poetic Grammar
1.… Learn Hebrew
Posted in Grammar, Theology
Tagged Habakkuk, Habakkuk 3:19
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Verb Study: אִיֵּם — “to threaten”
The Hebrew verb אִיֵּם (ʾiyyēm) means “to threaten” and is used in the Piel stem. It conveys the act of menacing, intimidating, or making a threat. The root is א־י־ם, and the verb appears in several biblical contexts, especially in poetic and prophetic passages.
This verb does not appear frequently, but when it does, it emphasizes a declaration of harm or warning against disobedience. Below is a full conjugation chart for this verb in the Piel binyan, including past, present, future, and imperative forms.… Learn Hebrew
Posted in Vocabulary
Tagged Deuteronomy, Deuteronomy 28:58
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“Do Not Arouse Love Until It Desires”: Volition, Oath, and the Conditional אִם in Song of Songs 2:7
Introduction to Song of Songs 2:7: A Poetic Oath of Restraint
This iconic verse from the Song of Songs is the first of three poetic refrains that appear throughout the book (cf. 3:5, 8:4). Here, the female speaker addresses the “daughters of Yerushalayim” and adjures them by the wild creatures of the field not to awaken love before its proper time. The verse features unique poetic features: the use of conditional clauses with אִם, the volitional jussive mood, and a formal oath formula.… Learn Hebrew
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Tagged Song of Songs, Song of Songs 2:7
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“I Will Not Withhold a Word”: The Cohortative and Prophetic Intention in Jeremiah 42:4
Introduction to Jeremiah 42:4: The Prophet’s Assurance
In Jeremiah 42:4, the prophet responds to a plea for divine counsel. His statement is notable for its solemn tone and its careful use of Hebrew verbal forms to express commitment, intention, and future action. Particularly striking is the use of the cohortative construction and first-person imperfect forms that reflect both prophetic submission to YHWH and personal integrity. This verse provides a valuable window into the mechanics of biblical Hebrew as used in prophetic declarations and interpersonal assurances.… Learn Hebrew
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“But Only Cities to Live In”: The Restrictive Construction כִּי אִם in Joshua 14:4
Introduction to Joshua 14:4: Tribal Allocation and Levitical Exception
Joshua 14:4 outlines the distribution of the land among the tribes of Yisra’el, highlighting the unique position of the descendants of Yosef and the tribe of Levi. Most tribes received a geographical inheritance, but the Levites were given no such portion. Instead, they were allotted cities and pasturelands. The phrase כִּ֤י אִם־עָרִים֙ לָשֶׁ֔בֶת employs the Hebrew restrictive construction כִּי אִם—“but only”—to emphasize this exception. This article explores the grammatical construction of כִּי אִם and how it functions within biblical legal-narrative texts to express restriction and contrast.… Learn Hebrew
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Tagged Joshua, Joshua 14:4
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