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Recent Articles
- A Call to Listen: A Beginner’s Guide to Hebrew Grammar in Jeremiah 10:1
- “Even If I Wash with Snow”: Job’s Cry of Purity and Futility in Hebrew
- Your People and Your Inheritance: Strength and Arm Between Hebrew and Greek
- Who is Abimelek? Political Defiance in Hebrew Speech
- May God Enlarge Japheth: Syntax, Blessing, and Subordination in Genesis 9:27
- The Plea of the Prophet: Syntax, Intercession, and Covenant Echoes in Deuteronomy 9:26
- The Swift Flight of Life: Syntax and Poetic Motion in Job 9:25
- Fear and Syntax in Giveʿon: Nested Clauses and Theological Strategy in Joshua 9:24
- Wayyiqtol Verbs, Ruach Imagery, and Political Betrayal in Judges 9:23
- Imperatives, Prophetic Syntax, and Stark Imagery in Jeremiah 9:22
- From Ashes to Dust: The Golden Calf in Hebrew Fire and Greek Fragmentation
- Fear and Obedience: How Hebrew “הֵנִיס” Becomes Greek “συνήγαγεν”
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Author Archives: Biblical Hebrew
“Good of Understanding and Beautiful in Appearance”: Construct Chains and Characterization in 1 Samuel 25:3
This article analyzes 1 Samuel 25:3, focusing on the construct chain and adjective-noun coordination in the character descriptions of Nabal and Avigayil. It explores how the syntactic structure and word order reflect theological and narrative characterization.
וְשֵׁ֤ם הָאִישׁ֙ נָבָ֔ל וְשֵׁ֥ם אִשְׁתּ֖וֹ אֲבִגָ֑יִל וְהָאִשָּׁ֤ה טֽוֹבַת־שֶׂ֨כֶל֙ וִ֣יפַת תֹּ֔אַר וְהָאִ֥ישׁ קָשֶׁ֛ה וְרַ֥ע מַעֲלָלִ֖ים וְה֥וּא כָלִבִּֽי׃
(1 Samuel 25:3)
Now the name of the man was Nabal, and the name of his wife was Abigail. And the woman was intelligent and beautiful in appearance, but the man was harsh and evil in his deeds.… Learn Hebrew
Posted in Grammar, Syntax
Tagged 1 Samuel, 1 Samuel 25:3
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Verb Study: אָכַל — “to eat, consume”
The Hebrew verb אָכַל (ʾakhal) means “to eat,” but it also extends metaphorically to mean “to consume,” “to devour,” or even “to destroy.” It is one of the most common verbs in the Bible and is used in both literal and figurative contexts — such as people eating food, or fire consuming offerings, or judgment consuming the wicked.
Below is a complete conjugation of אָכַל in the Qal stem, covering all major tenses and persons. All Hebrew forms are bolded for clarity.… Learn Hebrew
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Verb Study: אָחַר — “to delay”
The Hebrew verb אָחַר (ʾaḥar) means “to delay” or “to tarry” and is found multiple times in the Hebrew Bible. This verb is mostly used in the Qal stem and conveys the idea of being late or lingering beyond an expected time. In some contexts, it can carry a negative connotation, such as failing to act promptly when expected.
The root of the verb is א־ח־ר, and it is used both literally and metaphorically. Below is a full conjugation chart of the verb in the Qal stem for past, present, future, and imperative forms.… Learn Hebrew
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“He May Not Take Her Again”: Modal Syntax and Moral Defilement in Deuteronomy 24:4
לֹא־יוּכַ֣ל בַּעְלָ֣הּ הָרִאשֹׁ֣ון אֲשֶֽׁר־֠שִׁלְּחָהּ לָשׁ֨וּב לְקַחְתָּ֜הּ לִהְיֹ֧ות לֹ֣ו לְאִשָּׁ֗ה אַחֲרֵי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֻטַּמָּ֔אָה כִּֽי־תֹועֵבָ֥ה הִ֖וא לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וְלֹ֤א תַחֲטִיא֙ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ נֹתֵ֥ן לְךָ֖ נַחֲלָֽה׃
(Deuteronomy 24:4)
Her first husband, who sent her away, may not take her again to be his wife after she has been defiled, for that is an abomination before YHWH. And you shall not bring sin upon the land that YHWH your God is giving you as an inheritance.
Legal Ethics and the Sanctity of the Land
Deuteronomy 24:4 presents one of the Torah’s more intricate marital laws, prohibiting a man from remarrying his former wife after she has married another man and become defiled.… Learn Hebrew
Posted in Grammar
Tagged Deuteronomy, Deuteronomy 24:4
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“Sweeping Away All Things”: The Use of Infinitive Absolute for Emphasis in Zephaniah 1:3
אָסֵ֨ף אָדָ֜ם וּבְהֵמָ֗ה אָסֵ֤ף עֹוף־הַשָּׁמַ֨יִם֙ וּדְגֵ֣י הַיָּ֔ם וְהַמַּכְשֵׁלֹ֖ות אֶת־הָרְשָׁעִ֑ים וְהִכְרַתִּ֣י אֶת־הָאָדָ֗ם מֵעַ֛ל פְּנֵ֥י הָאֲדָמָ֖ה נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃
(Zephaniah 1:3)
I will sweep away man and beast, I will sweep away the birds of the heavens and the fish of the sea, and the stumbling blocks with the wicked. I will cut off man from the face of the earth, declares YHWH.
Cosmic Judgment through Grammatical Emphasis
Zephaniah 1:3 belongs to the opening judgment oracle of the book, where YHWH declares a sweeping destruction across all creation—humans, beasts, birds, and fish.… Learn Hebrew
Posted in Grammar, Syntax, Theology
Tagged Zephaniah, Zephaniah 1:3
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“He Makes My Feet Like the Deer’s”: Simile and Ascent in Habakkuk 3:19
יְהוִ֤ה אֲדֹנָי֙ חֵילִ֔י וַיָּ֤שֶׂם רַגְלַי֙ כָּֽאַיָּלֹ֔ות וְעַ֥ל בָּמֹותַ֖י יַדְרִכֵ֑נִי לַמְנַצֵּ֖חַ בִּנְגִינֹותָֽי׃
(Habakkuk 3:19)
YHWH my Lord is my strength; He makes my feet like the deer’s, and He causes me to tread upon my high places. To the choirmaster, with my stringed instruments.
Divine Enablement in Poetic Triumph
Habakkuk 3:19 concludes the prophet’s prayer with an expression of exaltation and movement. The imagery of sure-footedness and elevation captures the essence of divine empowerment amid suffering. This article explores the grammatical structure and theological implications of the simile כָּאַיָּלֹות, the verb יַדְרִכֵנִי, and the construct phrase עַל בָּמֹתַי.… Learn Hebrew
Posted in Grammar, Theology
Tagged Habakkuk, Habakkuk 3:19
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Verb Study: אִיֵּם — “to threaten”
The Hebrew verb אִיֵּם (ʾiyyēm) means “to threaten” and is used in the Piel stem. It conveys the act of menacing, intimidating, or making a threat. The root is א־י־ם, and the verb appears in several biblical contexts, especially in poetic and prophetic passages.
This verb does not appear frequently, but when it does, it emphasizes a declaration of harm or warning against disobedience. Below is a full conjugation chart for this verb in the Piel binyan, including past, present, future, and imperative forms.… Learn Hebrew
Posted in Vocabulary
Tagged Deuteronomy, Deuteronomy 28:58
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“Do Not Arouse Love Until It Desires”: Volition, Oath, and the Conditional אִם in Song of Songs 2:7
הִשְׁבַּ֨עְתִּי אֶתְכֶ֜ם בְּנֹ֤ות יְרוּשָׁלִַ֨ם֙ בִּצְבָאֹ֔ות אֹ֖ו בְּאַיְלֹ֣ות הַשָּׂדֶ֑ה אִם־תָּעִ֧ירוּ וְאִם־תְּעֹֽורְר֛וּ אֶת־הָאַהֲבָ֖ה עַ֥ד שֶׁתֶּחְפָּֽץ׃
(Song of Songs 2:7)
I adjure you, daughters of Jerusalem, by the hosts or by the gazelles of the field: do not stir up or awaken love until it pleases.
A Poetic Oath of Restraint
This iconic verse from the Song of Songs is the first of three poetic refrains that appear throughout the book (cf. 3:5, 8:4). Here, the female speaker addresses the “daughters of Yerushalayim” and adjures them by the wild creatures of the field not to awaken love before its proper time.… Learn Hebrew
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Tagged Song of Songs, Song of Songs 2:7
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“I Will Not Withhold a Word”: The Cohortative and Prophetic Intention in Jeremiah 42:4
וַיֹּאמֶר אֲלֵיהֶם יִרְמְיָהוּ הַנָּבִיא שָׁמַעְתִּי הִנְנִי מִתְפַּלֵּל אֶל־יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם כְּדִבְרֵיכֶם וְהָיָה כָּל־הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר־יַעֲנֶה יְהוָה אֶתְכֶם אַגִּיד לָכֶם לֹא־אֶמְנַע מִכֶּם דָּבָר׃
(Jeremiah 42:4)
And Yirmeyahu the prophet said to them, “I have heard. Behold, I am praying to YHWH your God according to your words, and it shall be that every word which YHWH answers you, I will declare to you. I will not withhold from you a word.”
The Prophet’s Assurance
In Jeremiah 42:4, the prophet responds to a plea for divine counsel.… Learn Hebrew
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“But Only Cities to Live In”: The Restrictive Construction כִּי אִם in Joshua 14:4
כִּֽי־הָי֧וּ בְנֵֽי־יֹוסֵ֛ף שְׁנֵ֥י מַטֹּ֖ות מְנַשֶּׁ֣ה וְאֶפְרָ֑יִם וְלֹֽא־נָתְנוּ֩ חֵ֨לֶק לַלְוִיִּ֜ם בָּאָ֗רֶץ כִּ֤י אִם־עָרִים֙ לָשֶׁ֔בֶת וּמִ֨גְרְשֵׁיהֶ֔ם לְמִקְנֵיהֶ֖ם וּלְקִנְיָנָֽם׃
(Joshua 14:4)
For the sons of Yosef were two tribes, Menashshe and Efrayim, and they did not give a portion to the Levi’im in the land, except cities to dwell in, and their pasturelands for their livestock and for their possessions.
Tribal Allocation and Levitical Exception
Joshua 14:4 outlines the distribution of the land among the tribes of Yisra’el, highlighting the unique position of the descendants of Yosef and the tribe of Levi.… Learn Hebrew
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