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Recent Articles
- Trumpet Blasts and Assembly Syntax in Numbers 10:3
- Right and Left: A Beginner’s Guide to Hebrew Word Order in Ecclesiastes 10:2
- A Call to Listen: A Beginner’s Guide to Hebrew Grammar in Jeremiah 10:1
- “Even If I Wash with Snow”: Job’s Cry of Purity and Futility in Hebrew
- Your People and Your Inheritance: Strength and Arm Between Hebrew and Greek
- Who is Abimelek? Political Defiance in Hebrew Speech
- May God Enlarge Japheth: Syntax, Blessing, and Subordination in Genesis 9:27
- The Plea of the Prophet: Syntax, Intercession, and Covenant Echoes in Deuteronomy 9:26
- The Swift Flight of Life: Syntax and Poetic Motion in Job 9:25
- Fear and Syntax in Giveʿon: Nested Clauses and Theological Strategy in Joshua 9:24
- Wayyiqtol Verbs, Ruach Imagery, and Political Betrayal in Judges 9:23
- Imperatives, Prophetic Syntax, and Stark Imagery in Jeremiah 9:22
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Let’s Walk Through Ruth’s Hebrew Together
וַתֹּאמֶר֩ ר֨וּת הַמֹּואֲבִיָּ֜ה אֶֽל־נָעֳמִ֗י אֵֽלְכָה־נָּ֤א הַשָּׂדֶה֙ וַאֲלַקֳטָ֣ה בַשִּׁבֳּלִ֔ים אַחַ֕ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֶמְצָא־חֵ֖ן בְּעֵינָ֑יו וַתֹּ֥אמֶר לָ֖הּ לְכִ֥י בִתִּֽי׃
(Ruth 2:2)
This beautiful verse from the Book of Ruth shows a conversation between Ruth and Naomi. Let’s explore what each Hebrew word means, how they fit together, and what we can learn about Hebrew grammar from this sentence.
English Translation (Word by Word)
And Ruth the Moabite said to Naomi, “Let me go, please, to the field and glean among the ears of grain behind someone in whose eyes I find favor.”… Learn Hebrew
“The Grammar of Hiding Treasure”: The Verb תִּצְפֹּ֥ן in Proverbs 2:1
בְּ֭נִי אִם־תִּקַּ֣ח אֲמָרָ֑י וּ֝מִצְוֹתַ֗י תִּצְפֹּ֥ן אִתָּֽךְ׃
(Proverbs 2:1)
My son, if you take my sayings, and my commandments you store up with you.
Wisdom as a Stored Inheritance
Proverbs 2:1 opens a conditional exhortation from a father to his son, a structure common to wisdom literature. The verse emphasizes the receptive posture necessary for wisdom, and it centers on a rich verb: תִּצְפֹּ֥ן—”you store up” or “you treasure.” This verb, tucked quietly in the latter half of the verse, conveys an entire worldview: wisdom is not just to be heard, but preserved, internalized, and guarded.… Learn Hebrew
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Returning to the Fields: Thematic and Grammatical Layers in Ruth 1:22
וַתָּ֣שָׁב נָעֳמִ֗י וְר֨וּת הַמֹּואֲבִיָּ֤ה כַלָּתָהּ֙ עִמָּ֔הּ הַשָּׁ֖בָה מִשְּׂדֵ֣י מֹואָ֑ב וְהֵ֗מָּה בָּ֚אוּ בֵּ֣ית לֶ֔חֶם בִּתְחִלַּ֖ת קְצִ֥יר שְׂעֹרִֽים׃
(Ruth 1:22)
And Naʿomi returned, and Ruth the Moavite, her daughter-in-law, with her, the one returning from the fields of Moʾav, and they came to Beit-Leḥem at the beginning of the barley harvest.
What’s Hidden in a Return?
The closing verse of Ruth 1 is deceptively straightforward. On the surface, it narrates the return of two women to Beit-Leḥem. But beneath that return lies a rich tapestry of grammatical tension and narrative momentum, embedded in subtle choices of verb forms, word order, and apposition.… Learn Hebrew
“How Can I Bear Alone?”: Analyzing אֵיכָ֥ה אֶשָּׂ֖א לְבַדִּ֑י in Deuteronomy 1:12
אֵיכָ֥ה אֶשָּׂ֖א לְבַדִּ֑י טָרְחֲכֶ֥ם וּמַשַּׂאֲכֶ֖ם וְרִֽיבְכֶֽם׃
(Deuteronomy 1:12)
How can I bear alone your trouble and your burden and your strife?
Introduction to Deuteronomy 1:12: Moses’ Burden of Leadership
In Deuteronomy 1:12, Moses recounts to the new generation of Israelites the difficulties he experienced in leading the people alone. The key rhetorical expression אֵיכָ֥ה אֶשָּׂ֖א לְבַדִּ֑י—“How can I bear [it] alone?”—employs interrogative and infinitive syntax to express the overwhelming weight of leadership. This verse sets the stage for the appointment of judges and officials, as Moses highlights the strain caused by the people’s size and conflicts.… Learn Hebrew
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“And Their Father’s Spirit Revived”: The Syntax of Emotion and Evidence in Genesis 45:27
וַיְדַבְּר֣וּ אֵלָ֗יו אֵ֣ת כָּל־דִּבְרֵ֤י יֹוסֵף֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּ֣ר אֲלֵהֶ֔ם וַיַּרְא֙ אֶת־הָ֣עֲגָלֹ֔ות אֲשֶׁר־שָׁלַ֥ח יֹוסֵ֖ף לָשֵׂ֣את אֹתֹ֑ו וַתְּחִ֕י ר֖וּחַ יַעֲקֹ֥ב אֲבִיהֶֽם׃
(Genesis 45:27)
In the emotional crescendo following Joseph’s revelation, Bereishit 45:27 records a moment of profound transformation:
וַתְּחִי רוּחַ יַעֲקֹב אֲבִיהֶם
“And the spirit of their father Jacob revived.”
This verse is more than a narrative turning point — it is a linguistic window into how Biblical Hebrew encodes emotion through syntax. At its heart lies a rare verb — וַתְּחִי — that does not simply describe feeling, but signals renewal, restoration, and even resurrection of hope.… Learn Hebrew
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When Dread Becomes Flesh: Participles, Prophetic Syntax, and Emotional Collapse in Ezekiel 21:12
Ezekiel 21:12
וְהָיָה֙ כִּֽי־יֹאמְר֣וּ אֵלֶ֔יךָ עַל־מָ֖ה אַתָּ֣ה נֶאֱנָ֑ח וְאָמַרְתָּ֡ אֶל־שְׁמוּעָ֣ה כִֽי־בָאָ֡ה וְנָמֵ֣ס כָּל־לֵב֩ וְרָפ֨וּ כָל־יָדַ֜יִם וְכִהֲתָ֣ה כָל־ר֗וּחַ וְכָל־בִּרְכַּ֨יִם֙ תֵּלַ֣כְנָה מַּ֔יִם הִנֵּ֤ה בָאָה֙ וְנִֽהְיָ֔תָה נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃
Anticipatory Syntax: וְהָיָה כִּי־יֹאמְרוּ אֵלֶיךָ
וְהָיָה — A wayyiqtol 3ms of הָיָה, often translated “and it shall come to pass.” A frequent prophetic introduction setting a future condition.
כִּי־יֹאמְרוּ אֵלֶיךָ — “when they say to you…”
יֹאמְרוּ — Qal imperfect 3mp, with subject implied (the people)
אֵלֶיךָ — “to you” — 2ms prepositional suffix
Together, this conditional clause sets up a rhetorical interaction: the prophet’s public actions will provoke a question.… Learn Hebrew
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When the Soul Sinks and Soars: The Binyanim of Inner Dialogue
מַה־תִּשְׁתֹּ֬וחֲחִ֨י נַפְשִׁי֮ וַתֶּהֱמִ֪י עָ֫לָ֥י הֹוחִ֣ילִי לֵֽ֭אלֹהִים כִּי־עֹ֥וד אֹודֶ֗נּוּ יְשׁוּעֹ֥ות פָּנָֽיו׃ (Psalm 42:6)
Why are you cast down my soul and why do you murmur within me hope in God for I shall yet praise Him the salvations of His face
Introduction: Verbs in Conversation with the Self
Psalm 42:6 captures a spiritual conversation—not with God, but within the self. The psalmist questions his soul, rebukes its despair, and rekindles hope. But this inward discourse is framed by carefully chosen binyanim that mirror the emotional swing from depression to praise.… Learn Hebrew
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“Why Does the Way of the Wicked Prosper?”: Analyzing מַדּוּעַ דֶּרֶךְ רְשָׁעִים צָלֵחָה in Jeremiah 12:1
Introduction to Jeremiah 12:1: A Prophet’s Theological Complaint
Jeremiah 12:1 begins a unique prophetic lament in which the prophet directly challenges divine justice. Despite affirming the righteousness of YHWH, Jeremiah boldly raises a question of moral perplexity: מַדּוּעַ דֶּרֶךְ רְשָׁעִים צָלֵחָה—“Why does the way of the wicked prosper?” This interrogative sentence is not merely informational; it is rhetorical and emotionally charged, revealing a tension at the heart of biblical theology: the apparent prosperity of the wicked in a world governed by a righteous God.… Learn Hebrew
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“The Word That Came”: Analyzing דְּבַר־יְהוָה in Jeremiah 11:1
Introduction to Jeremiah 11:1: A Superscription of Divine Authority
Jeremiah 11:1 introduces a new oracle with the recurring prophetic formula: הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר הָיָה אֶל־יִרְמְיָהוּ מֵאֵת יְהוָה. Though succinct, this clause is deeply significant. It not only establishes the divine origin of the message but also prepares the audience for a section of covenantal confrontation and judgment. This article explores the grammatical structure and literary force of the superscription, focusing especially on the phrase דְּבַר־יְהוָה.
הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר הָיָה אֶל־יִרְמְיָהוּ מֵאֵת יְהוָה לֵאמֹר׃
Grammatical and Structural Analysis
1.… Learn Hebrew
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They Heard and They Released: Syntax of Covenant Compliance in Jeremiah 34:10
Introduction: Prophetic Command and Social Reform in Crisis
Jeremiah 34:10 recounts the initial compliance of Judah’s leaders and people with a prophetic covenant to release their Hebrew slaves. Set during the Babylonian siege of Yerushalayim, the event temporarily reflected covenantal repentance and social righteousness. The verse uses repetition and coordinated clauses to depict public obedience, drawing attention to its legal and liturgical character:
וַיִּשְׁמְעוּ֩ כָל־הַשָּׂרִ֨ים וְכָל־הָעָ֜ם אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֣אוּ בַבְּרִ֗ית לְ֠שַׁלַּח אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־עַבְדֹּ֞ו וְאִ֤ישׁ אֶת־שִׁפְחָתֹו֙ חָפְשִׁ֔ים לְבִלְתִּ֥י עֲבָד־בָּ֖ם עֹ֑וד וַֽיִּשְׁמְע֖וּ וַיְשַׁלֵּֽחוּ׃
Then all the officials and all the people who had entered into the covenant heard, to release each his male servant and each his female servant—free, that none should enslave them again—and they listened and released them.… Learn Hebrew
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