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Recent Lessons
- Participial Description of Divine Sovereignty
- The Jussive Force of לֶהֱוֵ֨א in Daniel 2:20
- The Passive Perfect גֲלִי in Biblical Aramaic
- The Peʿal Imperfect in a Purpose Clause: Analyzing יְהֹבְדוּן
- The Peʿal Perfect in Narrative Sequence: Understanding אֲזַ֑ל and הֹודַֽע
- The Peʿal Imperfect as a Petitionary Form in Daniel 2:16
- Exploring the Emphatic State in the Title שַׁלִּיטָ֣א
- Unpacking the Relative Particle דִּי in Daniel 2:14
- Death Decreed: Aramaic Grammar of Persecution in Daniel 2:13
- Wrath and Decree: Volition and Intensity in Daniel 2:12
Category Archives: Grammar
Participial Description of Divine Sovereignty
וְ֠הוּא מְהַשְׁנֵ֤א עִדָּנַיָּא֙ וְזִמְנַיָּ֔א מְהַעְדֵּ֥ה מַלְכִ֖ין וּמְהָקֵ֣ים מַלְכִ֑ין יָהֵ֤ב חָכְמְתָא֙ לְחַכִּימִ֔ין וּמַנְדְּעָ֖א לְיָדְעֵ֥י בִינָֽה׃ (Daniel 2:21) And He changes times and seasons; He removes kings and sets up kings; He gives wisdom to the wise and knowledge to those who … Continue reading
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The Jussive Force of לֶהֱוֵ֨א in Daniel 2:20
עָנֵ֤ה דָֽנִיֵּאל֙ וְאָמַ֔ר לֶהֱוֵ֨א שְׁמֵ֤הּ דִּֽי־אֱלָהָא֙ מְבָרַ֔ךְ מִן־עָלְמָ֖א וְעַ֣ד־עָלְמָ֑א דִּ֧י חָכְמְתָ֛א וּגְבוּרְתָ֖א דִּ֥י לֵֽהּ־הִֽיא׃ (Daniel 2:20) Daniel answered and said, “Let the name of God be blessed from eternity to eternity, for wisdom and might are His.” The verb לֶהֱוֵ֨א … Continue reading
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The Passive Perfect גֲלִי in Biblical Aramaic
אֱדַ֗יִן לְדָנִיֵּ֛אל בְּחֶזְוָ֥א דִֽי־לֵילְיָ֖א רָזָ֣ה גֲלִ֑י אֱדַ֨יִן֙ דָּֽנִיֵּ֔אל בָּרִ֖ךְ לֶאֱלָ֥הּ שְׁמַיָּֽא׃ (Daniel 2:19) Then to Daniel in a vision of the night the mystery was revealed; then Daniel blessed the God of heaven. In Daniel 2:19, the verb גֲלִי (“was … Continue reading
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The Peʿal Imperfect in a Purpose Clause: Analyzing יְהֹבְדוּן
וְרַחֲמִ֗ין לְמִבְעֵא֙ מִן־קֳדָם֙ אֱלָ֣הּ שְׁמַיָּ֔א עַל־רָזָ֖ה דְּנָ֑ה דִּ֣י לָ֤א יְהֹֽבְדוּן֙ דָּנִיֵּ֣אל וְחַבְרֹ֔והִי עִם־שְׁאָ֖ר חַכִּימֵ֥י בָבֶֽל׃ (Daniel 2:18) And to seek mercies from before the God of heaven concerning this mystery, so that Daniel and his companions might not perish with … Continue reading
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The Peʿal Imperfect as a Petitionary Form in Daniel 2:16
וְדָ֣נִיֵּ֔אל עַ֖ל וּבְעָ֣ה מִן־מַלְכָּ֑א דִּ֚י זְמָ֣ן יִנְתֵּן־לֵ֔הּ וּפִשְׁרָ֖א לְהַֽחֲוָיָ֥ה לְמַלְכָּֽא׃ (Daniel 2:16) And Daniel went in and requested from the king that time may be given to him, and that he might declare the interpretation to the king. The form … Continue reading
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Exploring the Emphatic State in the Title שַׁלִּיטָ֣א
עָנֵ֣ה וְאָמַ֗ר לְאַרְיֹוךְ֙ שַׁלִּיטָ֣א דִֽי־מַלְכָּ֔א עַל־מָ֥ה דָתָ֛א מְהַחְצְפָ֖ה מִן־קֳדָ֣ם מַלְכָּ֑א אֱדַ֣יִן מִלְּתָ֔א הֹודַ֥ע אַרְיֹ֖וךְ לְדָנִיֵּֽאל׃ (Daniel 2:15) He answered and said to Arioch, the official of the king, “Why is the decree so urgent from before the king?” Then Arioch … Continue reading
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Unpacking the Relative Particle דִּי in Daniel 2:14
בֵּאדַ֣יִן דָּנִיֵּ֗אל הֲתִיב֙ עֵטָ֣א וּטְעֵ֔ם לְאַרְיֹ֕וךְ רַב־טַבָּחַיָּ֖א דִּ֣י מַלְכָּ֑א דִּ֚י נְפַ֣ק לְקַטָּלָ֔ה לְחַכִּימֵ֖י בָּבֶֽל׃ (Daniel 2:14) Then Daniel replied with counsel and prudence to Arioch, chief of the king’s guard, who had gone out to kill the wise men of … Continue reading
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Death Decreed: Aramaic Grammar of Persecution in Daniel 2:13
וְדָתָ֣א נֶפְקַ֔ת וְחַכִּֽימַיָּ֖א מִֽתְקַטְּלִ֑ין וּבְעֹ֛ו דָּנִיֵּ֥אל וְחַבְרֹ֖והִי לְהִתְקְטָלָֽה׃ (Daniel 2:13) And the decree went out, and the wise men were being killed, and they sought Daniyyel and his companions to be killed. Context and Structure This verse continues the intensifying … Continue reading
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Wrath and Decree: Volition and Intensity in Daniel 2:12
כָּל־קֳבֵ֣ל דְּנָ֔ה מַלְכָּ֕א בְּנַ֖ס וּקְצַ֣ף שַׂגִּ֑יא וַאֲמַר֙ לְהֹ֣ובָדָ֔ה לְכֹ֖ל חַכִּימֵ֥י בָבֶֽל׃ (Daniel 2:12) Because of this, the king became furious and very angry, and he ordered to destroy all the wise men of Babylon. From Protest to Punishment Daniel 2:12 … Continue reading
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The Existential Particle אִית Revisited: Theology and Ontology in Daniel 2:11
וּמִלְּתָ֨א דִֽי־מַלְכָּ֤ה שָׁאֵל֙ יַקִּירָ֔ה וְאָחֳרָן֙ לָ֣א אִיתַ֔י דִּ֥י יְחַוִּנַּ֖הּ קֳדָ֣ם מַלְכָּ֑א לָהֵ֣ן אֱלָהִ֔ין דִּ֚י מְדָ֣רְהֹ֔ון עִם־בִּשְׂרָ֖א לָ֥א אִיתֹֽוהִי׃ (Daniel 2:11) And the thing that the king demands is difficult, and there is no other who can declare it before the … Continue reading
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