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Recent Articles
- The Hebrew Verb גָּדַל: To Grow, Become Great, or Magnify
- Hands, Heads, and Holy Places: Ritual Syntax in Leviticus 4:24
- The Hebrew Verb גָּבַר: To Prevail, Overcome, or Grow Strong
- Craftsmen and Kingship: Participles and Prepositional Structure in 1 Chronicles 4:23
- The Hebrew Verb גָּבַל: To Mix, Knead, or Combine
- Guarding by Night, Working by Day: Temporal Clauses and Role Syntax in Nehemiah 4:22
- The Hebrew Verb בִּשֵּׁל: To Cook, Boil, or Ripen
- The Collapse Without Wisdom: Verb Themes and Syntax in Job 4:21
- The Hebrew Verb בָּרַר: To Choose, Purify, or Examine Carefully
- Grammatical Deception: Mood, Syntax, and Speech in Judges 4:20
- The Hebrew Verb בֵּרֵךְ: To Bless, Kneel, or Bestow Favor
- Stumbling in Darkness: Imagery, Negation, and Parallelism in Proverbs 4:19
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Category Archives: Grammar
A Royal Menu: Quantifiers and Species in 1 Kings 5:3
1 Kings 5:3 עֲשָׂרָ֨ה בָקָ֜ר בְּרִאִ֗ים וְעֶשְׂרִ֥ים בָּקָ֛ר רְעִ֖י וּמֵ֣אָה צֹ֑אן לְ֠בַד מֵֽאַיָּ֤ל וּצְבִי֙ וְיַחְמ֔וּר וּבַרְבֻּרִ֖ים אֲבוּסִֽים׃ Numerals and Nouns: עֲשָׂרָ֨ה בָקָ֜ר The phrase עֲשָׂרָ֨ה בָקָ֜ר (“ten fattened oxen”) demonstrates the masculine plural numeral עֲשָׂרָה agreeing in gender with בָקָר … Continue reading
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“For Judgment Is for You”: Vocative Structure and Second-Person Plural Indictment in Hosea 5:1
Introduction to Hosea 5:1: A Multi-Level Call to Account Hosea 5:1 opens with a sharp prophetic rebuke structured around three vocatives and a climactic declaration of judgment. The verse strategically builds tension by summoning three key leadership groups—priests, the house … Continue reading
Grammatical-Theological Analysis of Ruth 4:18
וְאֵ֨לֶּה֙ תֹּולְדֹ֣ות פָּ֔רֶץ פֶּ֖רֶץ הֹולִ֥יד אֶת־חֶצְרֹֽון׃ 1. Narrative Formula and Literary Structure: וְאֵלֶּה תֹּולְדֹות The phrase וְאֵלֶּה תֹּולְדֹות (“and these are the generations of…”) is a recurring genealogical formula found throughout the Torah (cf. Genesis 2:4; 5:1; 10:1). It introduces … Continue reading
“You Have Strengthened Knees That Were Bowing”: Causative Stems and Parallelism in Job 4:4
Introduction to Job 4:4: Eliphaz and the Power of Speech Job 4:4 is part of Eliphaz’s opening speech, where he reminds Job of his past influence and moral strength. The verse praises Job for encouraging the weak, using evocative imagery … Continue reading
“There Is No Truth, No Mercy, No Knowledge”: The Covenant Lawsuit and the Triple אֵין־ Construction in Hosea 4:1
Introduction to Hosea 4:1: A Prophetic Legal Complaint Hosea 4:1 marks the beginning of a formal prophetic rīv—a covenant lawsuit in which YHWH takes legal action against Yisra’el for violating the covenant. This verse is grammatically structured as a declaration … Continue reading
From Afar to Forever: Verb Forms and Covenant Love in Jeremiah 31:3
מֵרָחֹ֕וק יְהוָ֖ה נִרְאָ֣ה לִ֑י וְאַהֲבַ֤ת עֹולָם֙ אֲהַבְתִּ֔יךְ עַל־כֵּ֖ן מְשַׁכְתִּ֥יךְ חָֽסֶד׃ Contextual Introduction Jeremiah 31:3 is a centerpiece of hope within the so-called “Book of Consolation” (Jeremiah 30–33), where the prophet records YHWH’s promises of restoration after judgment. In stark contrast … Continue reading
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Grammatical-Theological Analysis of Ruth 3:18
וַתֹּ֨אמֶר֙ שְׁבִ֣י בִתִּ֔י עַ֚ד אֲשֶׁ֣ר תֵּֽדְעִ֔ין אֵ֖יךְ יִפֹּ֣ל דָּבָ֑ר כִּ֣י לֹ֤א יִשְׁקֹט֙ הָאִ֔ישׁ כִּֽי־אִם־כִּלָּ֥ה הַדָּבָ֖ר הַיֹּֽום׃ 1. Narrative Verb and Direct Speech: וַתֹּ֨אמֶר The verse opens with וַתֹּאמֶר (“and she said”), a standard narrative wayyiqtol form from the root אָמַר … Continue reading
The Use of שֹׁולֵ֨חַ in Prophetic Commission Formulas
Introduction to Ezekiel 2:3 Ezekiel 2:3 is part of the divine commission of Ezekiel as a prophet to Israel. This verse marks the beginning of God’s charge to Ezekiel, in which He commands him to deliver a message to the … Continue reading
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“Is It Not for You to Know Justice?”: Infinitive Obligation and Rhetorical Syntax in Micah 3:1
Introduction to Micah 3:1: Addressing the Leaders of Yisra’el Micah 3:1 opens a sharp rebuke directed at the leaders of Yisra’el. The prophet confronts the רָאשֵׁי יַעֲקֹב (“chiefs of Yaʿaqov”) and קְצִינֵי בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל (“rulers of the house of Yisra’el”), … Continue reading
Volition and Cohortatives in Prophetic Vision: Isaiah 2:3
Introduction to Isaiah 2:3: An Invitation to Ascend This verse from Isaiah envisions a universal pilgrimage to Zion where many peoples seek divine instruction. It is one of the most famous passages describing a future when nations voluntarily turn to … Continue reading
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