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Recent Articles
- “Even in Your Thoughts”: The Subtle Hebrew Wisdom of Ecclesiastes 10:20
- The Silence of Wisdom: Verbal Restraint and Hebrew Syntax in Proverbs 10:19
- Intercession in Action: The Hebrew Flow of Exodus 10:18
- Endless Trials: Exploring the Hebrew of Job 10:17
- “I Have Sinned”: The Grammar of Urgency and Confession in Exodus 10:16
- Order in Motion: Nethanʾel son of Tsuʿar and the March of Issachar
- The Grammar of Vision: Enumerative Syntax and Symbolic Order in Ezekiel 10:14
- The Grammar of Divine Meteorology: Syntax and Pragmatic Force in Jeremiah 10:13
- When the Sun Stood Still: Syntax and Command in Joshua 10:12
- Woven with Wonder: Syntax and Embodied Imagery in Job 10:11
- The Wink and the Wound: Syntax, Parallelism, and Irony in Proverbs 10:10
- The Grammar of Surprise: The Wayyiqtol Chain and Temporal Progression in Joshua 10:9
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The Meaning of דֹּדֶיךָ in Song of Songs 1:2
Song of Songs 1:2 in Hebrew
יִשָּׁקֵ֨נִי֙ מִנְּשִׁיקֹ֣ות פִּ֔יהוּ כִּֽי־טֹובִ֥ים דֹּדֶ֖יךָ מִיָּֽיִן׃
Introduction to the Verse
Song of Songs 1:2 is a poetic expression of love and longing, beginning the book with an intimate request:
יִשָּׁקֵ֨נִי֙ מִנְּשִׁיקֹ֣ות פִּ֔יהוּ – “Let him kiss me with the kisses of his mouth.”
כִּֽי־טֹובִ֥ים דֹּדֶ֖יךָ מִיָּֽיִן – “For your love is better than wine.”
A key term in this verse is דֹּדֶיךָ (dōḏêḵā), which plays a crucial role in understanding biblical expressions of love and affection.… Learn Hebrew
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The Meaning of מִלְּתָא אַזְדָּא in Daniel 2:5
עָנֵ֤ה מַלְכָּא֙ וְאָמַ֣ר לְכַשְׂדָּיֵא מִלְּתָ֖א מִנִּ֣י אַזְדָּ֑א הֵ֣ן לָ֤א תְהֹֽודְעוּנַּ֨נִי֙ חֶלְמָ֣א וּפִשְׁרֵ֔הּ הַדָּמִין֙ תִּתְעַבְד֔וּן וּבָתֵּיכֹ֖ון נְוָלִ֥י יִתְּשָׂמֽוּן׃
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Introduction to the Expression מִלְּתָא אַזְדָּא
Daniel 2:5 records King Nebuchadnezzar’s response to the Chaldeans when they were unable to interpret his dream. The phrase:
מִלְּתָ֖א מִנִּ֣י אַזְדָּ֑א – “The word from me is firm.”
This phrase plays a crucial role in understanding royal decrees and legal finality in the Aramaic portions of the Bible.
Understanding מִלְּתָא and אַזְדָּא
1. מִלְּתָא (Milta) – “Word, decree, matter”
– Derived from the Aramaic root מ־ל־ל (m-l-l), meaning “to speak, declare.”… Learn Hebrew
The Use of Contrasting Concepts in Ecclesiastes 2:3
תַּ֣רְתִּי בְלִבִּ֔י לִמְשֹׁ֥וךְ בַּיַּ֖יִן אֶת־בְּשָׂרִ֑י וְלִבִּ֞י נֹהֵ֤ג בַּֽחָכְמָה֙ וְלֶאֱחֹ֣ז בְּסִכְל֔וּת עַ֣ד אֲשֶׁר־אֶרְאֶ֗ה אֵי־זֶ֨ה טֹ֜וב לִבְנֵ֤י הָאָדָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יַעֲשׂוּ֙ תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם מִסְפַּ֖ר יְמֵ֥י חַיֵּיהֶֽם׃
(Ecclesiastes 2:3)
I explored in my heart to draw my flesh with wine, while my heart guided with wisdom, and to grasp folly, until I might see what is good for the children of man to do under the heavens during the number of the days of their lives.
Introduction to the Verse
Ecclesiastes 2:3 presents a philosophical reflection on human existence and the pursuit of meaning.… Learn Hebrew
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The Hebrew Verb אָזַן in the Hebrew Bible
Understanding the Verb אָזַן
The Hebrew verb אָזַן (ʾāzan) is a significant term in the Hebrew Bible, meaning “to listen attentively” or “to give ear.” It differs from the common verb for hearing, שָׁמַע (shāmaʿ), in that אָזַן conveys the sense of careful and deliberate listening. This verb is most frequently used in its Hifil stem (הִאזִין, hē’ĕzīn), which means “to cause to listen” or “to give heed.”
The root א-ז-ן is also associated with the noun אֹזֶן (ʾōzen), meaning “ear,” and the plural form מאֹזְנַיִם (moʾznayim), meaning “balances” or “scales,” suggesting an ancient conceptual link between listening and weighing or measuring.… Learn Hebrew
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The Meaning of תָּם וְיָשָׁר in Job 1:1
Job 1:1 in Hebrew
אִ֛ישׁ הָיָ֥ה בְאֶֽרֶץ־ע֖וּץ אִיֹּ֣וב שְׁמֹ֑ו וְהָיָ֣ה הָאִ֣ישׁ הַה֗וּא תָּ֧ם וְיָשָׁ֛ר וִירֵ֥א אֱלֹהִ֖ים וְסָ֥ר מֵרָֽע׃
Introduction to Job’s Character
Job 1:1 introduces Job as a man of exemplary character, describing him with four key attributes:
תָּ֧ם וְיָשָׁ֛ר – “blameless and upright”
וִירֵ֥א אֱלֹהִ֖ים – “fearing God”
וְסָ֥ר מֵרָֽע – “turning away from evil”
The phrase תָּם וְיָשָׁר is particularly significant in biblical wisdom literature, reflecting moral integrity and righteousness.
Understanding תָּם and יָשָׁר
1. תָּם (Tam) – “Blameless” or “Complete”
– Derived from the root ת־מ־ם (t-m-m), meaning “to be complete, whole, or perfect.”… Learn Hebrew
The Use of Poetic Imagery in Jonah 2:5
Jonah 2:5 in Hebrew
אֲפָפ֤וּנִי מַ֨יִם֙ עַד־נֶ֔פֶשׁ תְּהֹ֖ום יְסֹבְבֵ֑נִי ס֖וּף חָב֥וּשׁ לְרֹאשִֽׁי׃
Introduction to Jonah’s Prayer
Jonah 2:5 is part of Jonah’s prayer from within the fish, using vivid poetic imagery to describe his distress. The verse states:
אֲפָפ֤וּנִי מַ֨יִם֙ עַד־נֶ֔פֶשׁ – “The waters surrounded me up to my soul.”
תְּהֹ֖ום יְסֹבְבֵ֑נִי – “The deep engulfed me.”
ס֖וּף חָב֥וּשׁ לְרֹאשִֽׁי – “Seaweed was wrapped around my head.”
These phrases depict Jonah’s near-death experience, emphasizing his entrapment and desperation.
Understanding the Poetic Expressions
1.… Learn Hebrew
The Meaning of שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּתֹון in Leviticus 25:4
Leviticus 25:4 in Hebrew
וּבַשָּׁנָ֣ה הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗ת שַׁבַּ֤ת שַׁבָּתֹון֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה לָאָ֔רֶץ שַׁבָּ֖ת לַיהוָ֑ה שָֽׂדְךָ֙ לֹ֣א תִזְרָ֔ע וְכַרְמְךָ֖ לֹ֥א תִזְמֹֽר׃
Introduction to שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּתֹון
Leviticus 25:4 introduces the Sabbatical Year (שְׁמִטָּה, Shemittah), in which the land is to rest every seven years. The key phrase in this verse is:
שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּתֹון יִהְיֶה לָאָרֶץ – “A Sabbath of complete rest shall be for the land.”
The repetition of שַׁבַּת (Shabbat) and שַׁבָּתֹון (Shabbaton) emphasizes the sacred nature of this rest.
Understanding שַׁבַּת and שַׁבָּתֹון
1.… Learn Hebrew
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Hebrew Idioms and Metaphors in Proverbs 23:5
Proverbs 23:5 in Hebrew
הֲתָעִיף עֵינֶ֥יךָ בֹּ֗ו וְֽאֵ֫ינֶ֥נּוּ כִּ֤י עָשֹׂ֣ה יַעֲשֶׂה־לֹּ֣ו כְנָפַ֑יִם כְּ֝נֶ֗שֶׁר וָעִ֥יף הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃
Introduction to Hebrew Idioms in Proverbs
Proverbs 23:5 uses vivid metaphorical language and idiomatic expressions to describe the fleeting nature of wealth. The verse states:
הֲתָעִיף עֵינֶ֥יךָ בֹּ֗ו וְֽאֵ֫ינֶ֥נּוּ – “Will you set your eyes upon it, and it is gone?”
כִּ֤י עָשֹׂ֣ה יַעֲשֶׂה־לֹּ֣ו כְנָפַ֑יִם – “For it will surely make wings for itself.”
כְּנֶ֗שֶׁר וָעִ֥יף הַשָּׁמָֽיִם – “Like an eagle flying toward the heavens.”
These expressions reflect a poetic warning about the transience of riches.… Learn Hebrew
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The Use of Rhetorical Questions and Parallelism in Biblical Hebrew (Habakkuk 3:8)
Habakkuk 3:8 in Hebrew
הֲבִנְהָרִים֙ חָרָ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה אִ֤ם בַּנְּהָרִים֙ אַפֶּ֔ךָ אִם־בַּיָּ֖ם עֶבְרָתֶ֑ךָ כִּ֤י תִרְכַּב֙ עַל־סוּסֶ֔יךָ מַרְכְּבֹתֶ֖יךָ יְשׁוּעָֽה׃
Introduction to Rhetorical Questions and Parallelism
Habakkuk 3:8 presents a vivid poetic description of God’s power, employing rhetorical questions and parallelism to emphasize divine action. The verse asks:
הֲבִנְהָרִים֙ חָרָ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה – “Was the LORD angry with the rivers?”
אִ֤ם בַּנְּהָרִים֙ אַפֶּ֔ךָ – “Was Your wrath against the rivers?”
אִם־בַּיָּ֖ם עֶבְרָתֶ֑ךָ – “Was Your fury against the sea?”
These rhetorical questions emphasize that God’s actions are not arbitrary but part of His divine plan.… Learn Hebrew
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The Use of וַיְהִי in Biblical Hebrew Narrative (Ruth 1:1)
Ruth 1:1 in Hebrew
וַיְהִ֗י בִּימֵי֙ שְׁפֹ֣ט הַשֹּׁפְטִ֔ים וַיְהִ֥י רָעָ֖ב בָּאָ֑רֶץ וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ אִ֜ישׁ מִבֵּ֧ית לֶ֣חֶם יְהוּדָ֗ה לָגוּר֙ בִּשְׂדֵ֣י מֹואָ֔ב ה֥וּא וְאִשְׁתֹּ֖ו וּשְׁנֵ֥י בָנָֽיו׃
Introduction to וַיְהִי
The opening of Ruth 1:1 features the phrase וַיְהִי בִּימֵי (“And it came to pass in the days of…”). The verb וַיְהִי (vayhī) is a common Biblical Hebrew construction that introduces narrative events and often signals the beginning of a new episode.
Understanding וַיְהִי in Context
– וַיְהִי is the waw-consecutive imperfect form of הָיָה (hayah, “to be” or “to happen”).… Learn Hebrew