Category Archives: Theology

The Causative Construction and the Concept of Eternal Judgment in Obadiah 1:10

Introduction to Obadiah 1:10 Obadiah 1:10 pronounces a divine judgment on Edom, emphasizing its violence against Jacob (Israel) as the reason for its shame and permanent destruction. This verse contains a causative construction (מֵחֲמַ֛ס אָחִ֥יךָ יַעֲקֹ֖ב, “Because of the violence … Continue reading

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Purification and Imperfective Syntax in Ezekiel 39:14: Grammar in the Service of Eschatology

Introduction: Ritual Cleanup and Eschatological Renewal Ezekiel 39:14 describes a strange and solemn task given to a group of designated men after the apocalyptic battle involving Gog: they are to search for and bury corpses in order to purify the … Continue reading

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The Personification of Jerusalem and the Prophetic Use of Imperative Appeals in Lamentations 1:9

Introduction to Lamentations 1:9 Lamentations 1:9 is part of a poetic lament mourning the fall of Jerusalem, portraying the city as a defiled and abandoned woman. The verse uses personification, metaphors of impurity, and imperative appeals to YHWH, reflecting deep … Continue reading

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Comparative Similes and the Imagery of Swiftness in Habakkuk 1:8

Introduction to Habakkuk 1:8 Habakkuk 1:8 describes the unstoppable power and speed of the invading Chaldean army, using comparative similes to evoke fear and devastation. The verse employs three key comparisons: 1. Horses are swifter than leopards (נְמֵרִים) 2. They … Continue reading

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Clause Structure and Theological Expression in Esther 4:3

Introduction: Contextual and Literary Setting of Esther 4:3 Esther 4:3 captures the moment of national crisis in the Persian diaspora, following Haman’s genocidal decree against the Jews. The verse is positioned within the narrative tension that prompts Esther’s eventual intervention. … Continue reading

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The Use of the Cohortative and Jussive in Saul’s Final Request in 1 Samuel 31:4

Introduction to 1 Samuel 31:4 1 Samuel 31:4 records the tragic final moments of King Saul, where he commands his armor-bearer to kill him, fearing humiliation at the hands of the Philistines. This verse features the cohortative and jussive verb … Continue reading

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Repetition, Aspect, and Poetic Judgment in Psalm 96:13

Introduction: Eschatological Expectation in Liturgical Poetry Psalm 96 celebrates the kingship of YHWH and His coming judgment over all the earth. The final verse, 96:13, brings the psalm to a climax with a powerful prophetic declaration, repeated for emphasis: לִפְנֵ֤י … Continue reading

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1 Kings 6:1 – Temporal Clauses and Construct State in Date Formulas

וַיְהִ֣י בִשְׁמֹונִ֣ים שָׁנָ֣ה וְאַרְבַּ֣ע מֵאֹ֣ות שָׁנָ֡ה לְצֵ֣את בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל מֵאֶֽרֶץ־מִצְרַיִם֩ בַּשָּׁנָ֨ה הָרְבִיעִ֜ית בְּחֹ֣דֶשׁ זִ֗ו ה֚וּא הַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִ֔י לִמְלֹ֥ךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֖ה עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּ֥בֶן הַבַּ֖יִת לַיהוָֽה׃ And it came to be, in the four hundred and Read more […]

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The Use of the Participle and Passive Constructions in Obadiah 1:2

Introduction to Obadiah 1:2 Obadiah 1:2 is part of a divine declaration against Edom, emphasizing its diminished status among the nations. This verse contains notable grammatical features, including the passive participle בָּזוּי (bazui, “despised”), the Qal perfect נְתַתִּיךָ (netattikha, “I … Continue reading

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