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The Imperatives of Restraint: Jussive and Imperative in Proverbs 23:6
אַל־תִּלְחַ֗ם אֶת־֭לֶחֶם רַ֣ע עָ֑יִן וְאַל־תתאו לְמַטְעַמֹּתָֽיו׃
Do not eat the bread of one with an evil eye; and do not desire his delicacies.
In Proverbs 23:6, wisdom literature urges discernment not only through imagery, but through grammar. The verse commands the reader not to eat the bread of one with an “evil eye,” nor to desire his delicacies. While this appears straightforward in English, the Hebrew uses two imperative-like constructions with different moods and implications: אַל־תִּלְחַם and אַל־תִּתְאָו.
This article explores the nuanced use of negative imperatives in Biblical Hebrew, especially the relationship between the imperfect with אַל and the jussive mood.… Learn Hebrew
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