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Disjunctive Conditional Clauses and Intentionality Markers in Legal Hebrew
וְאִם־בְּפֶ֥תַע בְּלֹא־אֵיבָ֖ה הֲדָפֹ֑ו אֹו־הִשְׁלִ֥יךְ עָלָ֛יו כָּל־כְּלִ֖י בְּלֹ֥א צְדִיָּֽה׃
But if suddenly, without enmity, he pushed him, or threw upon him any object without intent.
Introduction to Numbers 35:22
This verse introduces an exception within the laws of homicide: when a killing occurs unintentionally. The structure employs a disjunctive conditional clause, using וְאִם to contrast earlier cases of intentional murder. The verse also includes phrases that convey lack of intent, such as בְּלֹא־אֵיבָה (“without enmity”) and בְּלֹא צְדִיָּה (“without premeditation”). This lesson explores the grammatical construction of disjunctive conditions, the use of prepositional phrases to negate intent, and how Hebrew expresses legal nuance through clause structure.… Learn Hebrew
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