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The Grammar of Access: Repetition, Inclusivity, and Volitional Offerings in Leviticus 22:18
Leviticus 22:18
דַּבֵּ֨ר אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֜ן וְאֶל־בָּנָ֗יו וְאֶל֙ כָּל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאָמַרְתָּ֖ אֲלֵהֶ֑ם אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ֩ מִבֵּ֨ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל וּמִן־הַגֵּ֣ר בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אֲשֶׁ֨ר יַקְרִ֤יב קָרְבָּנֹו֙ לְכָל־נִדְרֵיהֶם֙ וּלְכָל־נִדְבֹותָ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־יַקְרִ֥יבוּ לַיהוָ֖ה לְעֹלָֽה׃
Directives to All: דַּבֵּר … וְאָמַרְתָּ אֲלֵהֶם
דַּבֵּר — Piel imperative 2ms of ד־ב־ר, “to speak.” Used for authoritative communication.
וְאָמַרְתָּ — Qal perfect 2ms with directive force: “And you shall say.” In priestly texts, this often introduces a new legal instruction with broad impact.
אֶל־אַהֲרֹן וְאֶל־בָּנָיו וְאֶל כָּל־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל — A threefold audience:
אַהֲרֹן — the high priest
בָּנָיו — the priests
כָּל־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל — the entire community
The inclusiveness prepares for a rule that involves both sacred personnel and laypeople.… Learn Hebrew
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