Conjugation and Translation Practice in Each Binyan (בִּנְיָן)

This conjugation exercise showcases how the Hebrew root כ־ת־ב (“to write”) transforms across all seven binyanim—each reflecting a unique grammatical voice and semantic nuance. From the straightforward Qal “he wrote” to the reflexive Hitpael “he strengthened himself,” students see how roots shift meaning through internal vowel changes, prefixes, and passive or causative frameworks. By focusing on the 3ms perfect form, learners gain clarity in structure and usage, preparing them to decode biblical prose with accuracy and interpretive depth.

Purpose and Method

Practicing verb conjugation across the seven binyanim is essential for mastering Biblical Hebrew. This section provides clear, side-by-side conjugation of a common verb root in each binyan, along with English translations. The root used here is כ־ת־ב (“to write”), which is highly productive and morphologically regular—ideal for learning.

For each binyan, we present the 3rd person masculine singular perfect form (common in narrative prose), followed by a literal English translation.

Qal בִּנְיָן קַל – The Basic Stem

Nifal נִפְעַל – Passive or Reflexive of Qal

Piel פִּעֵל – Intensive or Factitive Action

Pual פֻּעַל – Passive of Piel

Hiphil הִפְעִיל – Causative Action

Hophal הֻפְעַל – Passive of Hiphil

Hitpael הִתְפַּעֵל – Reflexive / Reciprocal Action

*Note: While the form הִתְכַּתֵּב (“he corresponded”) fits the Hitpael pattern, it is not found in the Hebrew Bible. The example הִתְחַזֵּק (Josh 1:7) is biblically attested and illustrates the reflexive sense of the Hitpael.*

Practice Tip

When practicing, try changing the subject (e.g., 1st person singular: “I wrote” = כָּתַבְתִּי) and switching the binyan to observe how the voice and meaning shift. Record your conjugations and translate them literally. Understanding these patterns strengthens both reading fluency and theological discernment.