Category Archives: Grammar

Biblical Hebrew Grammar

Emphatic Repetition and Construct Chains in Song of Songs 6:9

Introduction to Song of Songs 6:9: Syntax of Uniqueness and Elevated Praise This poetic verse from Shir HaShirim (Song of Songs) is a masterpiece of affectionate exaltation, describing the beloved with supreme uniqueness and praise. The Hebrew grammar uses tools … Continue reading

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The Interrogative Particle אָ֚נָה in Song of Songs 6:1

Introduction to Song of Songs 6:1 Song of Songs 6:1 presents a question directed to the beloved woman, asking about the whereabouts of her lover. The interrogative particle אָ֚נָה (ʾānāh) plays a crucial role in shaping the inquiry, as it … Continue reading

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Forsaken Bonds: Syntax of Abandonment and Relational Disintegration in Job 19:14

Introduction: Lament and the Grammar of Isolation Job 19:14 stands as part of one of the most emotionally intense chapters in the Book of Job. Here, Job catalogs his experience of being forsaken by all social connections—family, friends, and community. … Continue reading

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Coordinated Spatial Phrases with Prepositional Ellipsis in Priestly Procedures

Introduction to Ezekiel 45:19 Ezekiel 45:19 details a priestly ritual involving the application of blood during purification. The verse features a sequence of coordinated prepositional phrases, most of which begin with אֶל־ (“to/onto”), though one is introduced with עַל־. This … Continue reading

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The Cohortative Verb אָשִׁירָה in Isaiah 5:1

Introduction to Isaiah 5:1 Isaiah 5:1 introduces the famous “Song of the Vineyard,” a poetic allegory describing YHWH’s relationship with Israel through the imagery of a vineyard. The opening verb אָשִׁירָה (ʾāšîrāh) is in the cohortative form, a grammatical structure … Continue reading

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Boundaries of the Promised Land: Geographic Chains and Appositional Syntax in Deuteronomy 4:48

Deuteronomy 4:48 מֵעֲרֹעֵ֞ר אֲשֶׁ֨ר עַל־שְׂפַת־נַ֧חַל אַרְנֹ֛ן וְעַד־הַ֥ר שִׂיאֹ֖ן ה֥וּא חֶרְמֹֽון׃ Starting Point: מֵעֲרֹעֵר מֵעֲרֹעֵר (“from ʿAroʿer”) begins the description of the land’s extent. מִן (“from”) is contracted as מֵ before a guttural letter. עֲרֹעֵר is a known settlement east of … Continue reading

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The Semantics of the Hiphil Perfect and Divine Election in Psalm 4:4

Introduction: Liturgical Assurance in the Structure of Psalm 4:4 Psalm 4 is a psalm of David that blends supplication with confident trust in divine justice. Verse 4 (Hebrew 4:3) functions as a theological turning point, contrasting the behavior of the … Continue reading

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The Hifil Verb וַיַּלְעֵג in Nehemiah 4:1

Introduction to Nehemiah 4:1 Nehemiah 4:1 describes the reaction of Sanballat upon hearing that the Israelites were rebuilding the wall of Jerusalem. His response is one of anger and mockery, as captured by the Hifil verb וַיַּלְעֵג (vayyilʿēg). This verb … Continue reading

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The Nifal Imperative הֵאָסְפוּ in Amos 3:9

Introduction to Amos 3:9 Amos 3:9 records a divine summons to the nations, calling them to assemble and witness the injustice occurring in Shomron (Samaria). The verb הֵאָסְפוּ (heʾasəfū) appears in the Nifal imperative form, which is significant because it … Continue reading

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The Nifal Participle נֶאֱסָפִים in Isaiah 13:4

Introduction to Isaiah 13:4 Isaiah 13:4 describes a prophetic vision of a great army assembling for war, with nations gathering under divine command. The Nifal participle נֶאֱסָפִים (neʾesafim) plays a crucial role in conveying the passive nature of the assembly, … Continue reading

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