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The Sword-Line Syntax of Joshua’s Campaign
Joshua 11:12
וְֽאֶת־כָּל־עָרֵ֣י הַמְּלָכִֽים־֠הָאֵלֶּה וְֽאֶת־כָּל־מַלְכֵיהֶ֞ם לָכַ֧ד יְהֹושֻׁ֛עַ וַיַּכֵּ֥ם לְפִי־חֶ֖רֶב הֶחֱרִ֣ים אֹותָ֑ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּ֔ה מֹשֶׁ֖ה עֶ֥בֶד יְהוָֽה׃
1. Transliteration
Veʾet-kol-ʿārê hammelākhîm-hāʾēlleh veʾet-kol-malkhêhem lākhad Yehōshuaʿ, vayyakkēm lefî-ḥerev, heḥĕrîm ʾōtām, kaʾăsher tsivvāh Mōsheh ʿeved YHWH.
2. Literal Translation
And all the cities of these kings, and all their kings, Yehoshuaʿ captured, and he struck them by the mouth of the sword; he devoted them to destruction, just as Moshe, the servant of YHWH, had commanded.
3. Grammar Focus: Fronted Objects Before the Main Verb
This verse begins with a long object before the main verb appears:
וְאֶת־כָּל־עָרֵי הַמְּלָכִים־הָאֵלֶּה וְאֶת־כָּל־מַלְכֵיהֶם
The marker אֶת points to a definite direct object.… Learn Hebrew