Categories
Hebrew Months
Month
Hebrew
English
Length
The Bible
Holidays
1
נִיסָן
Nisan
30 days
Called Abib(Exodus 13:4, 23:15, 34:18, Deut. 16:1) and Nisan (Esther 3:7) in the Tanakh.
פֶּסַח
Passover 15th-21st of Nisan
2
אִיָּר / אייר
Iyyar
29 days
Called Ziv in 1 Kings 6:1, 1 Kings 6:37.
פסח שני
Pesach Sheni - 1 month after Passover
ל״ג בעומר
Lag B'Omer - 18th of Iyar
3
סִיוָן / סיוון
Sivan
30 days
שבועות or חג שבעות
Shavuot - 6th of Sivan
4
תַּמּוּז
Tammuz
29 days
שבעה עשר בתמוז
Shiv'ah Asar b'Tammuz - 17th of Tammuz
5
אָב
Av
30 days
תשעה באבor ט׳ באב
Tisha B'Av - 9th of Av
ט"ו באב
Tu B'Av - 15th of Av
6
אֱלוּל
Elul
29 days
7
תִּשׁרִי
Tishrei
30 days
Called Ethanim in 1 Kings 8:2.First month of civil year.
ראש השנה
Rosh Hashanah - 1st of Tishrei
יוֹם Learn more...
The Dead Sea Scrolls Online
The Dead Sea Scrolls, the greatest archaeological discovery of the 20th century, is now available online for free viewing. It is a project of Google and The Israel Museum, Jerusalem.
The Dead Sea Srolls available for free viewing online are:
(1) The Great Isaiah Scroll (1QIsaa): it is one of the original seven Dead Sea Scrolls discovered in Qumran in 1947. It is the largest (734 mm) and best preserved of all the biblical scrolls - http://dss.collections.imj.org.il/isaiah
(2) The Temple Scroll (11Q19): it was discovered in 1956 in Cave 11, located about 2 km north of Khirbet Qumran. The manuscript is written in Hebrew in the square Herodian script of the late Second Temple Period (the first half of the first century AD), on extremely thin animal skin (one-tenth of a millimeter), making it the thinnest parchment scroll ever found in the caves of Qumran - http://dss.collections.imj.org.il/temple
(3) The War Scroll (1QM): it is one of the seven original Dead Sea Scrolls discovered Learn more...
Posted in Textual Criticism
Tagged 1QM, 1QpHab, 1QS, Deas Seas Scrolls, DSS, The Community Rule Scoll
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History of the Hebrew Language
1. The name Hebrew Language usually denotes the language of the sacred writings of the Israelites which form the canon of the Old Testament. It is also called Ancient Hebrew in contradistinction to the New Hebrew of Jewish writings of the post-biblical period. The name Hebrew language (לָשׁוֹן עִבְרִית γλῶσσα τῶν Ἑβραίων, ἑβραϊστί) does not occur in the Old Testament itself. Instead of it we find in Is 19:18 the term language of Canaan, and יְהוּדִית in the Jews’ language 2 K 18:26, 18:28 (cf. Is 36:11,36:13) Neh 13:24. In the last-cited passage it already agrees with the later (post-exilic) usage, which gradually extended the name Jews, Jewish to the whole nation, as in Haggai, Nehemiah, and the book of Esther.
The distinction between the names Hebrew (עִבְרִים Ἑβραῖοι) and Israelites (בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל) is that the latter was rather a national name of honour, with also a religious significance, Learn more...
The Aspiration of the Tenues
The harder sound of the six Begadkephath letters, indicated by a Dageš lene, is to be regarded, according to the general analogy of languages, as their older and original pronunciation, from which the softer sound was weakened. The original hard sound is maintained when the letter is initial, and after a consonant, but when it immediately follows a vowel or Šewā mobile it is softened and aspirated by their influence, e.g. פָּרַץ pāraṣ, יִפְרֹץ yiphrōṣ, כֹּל kōl, לְכֹל lekhōl. Hence the Begadkephath take Dageš lene
(1) at the beginning of words:
(a) without exception when the preceding word ends with a vowelless consonant, e.g. עַל־כֵּן ʾal-kēn (therefore), עֵץ פְּרִי ˓ēṣ perî (fruit-tree);
(b) at the beginning of a section, e.g. בְּרֵאשִׁית Gn 11, or at the beginning of a sentence, or even of a minor division of a sentence after a distinctive accent, although the preceding word may end with Learn more...
Unchangeable Hebrew Vowels
What vowels in Hebrew are unchangeable, i.e. are not liable to attenuation (to Šewâ), modification, lengthening, or shortening, can be known with certainty only from the nature of the grammatical forms, and in some cases by comparison with Arabic. This hems good especially of the essentially long vowels, i.e. those long by nature or contraction, as distinguished from those which are only lengthened rhythmically, i.e. on account of the special laws which in Hebrew regulate the tone and the formation of syllables. The latter, when a change takes place in the position of the tone or in the division of syllables, readily become short again, or are reduced to a mere vocal Šewâ.
1. The essentially long and consequently, as a rule, unchangeable vowels of the second and third class, î, ê, û, ô, can often be recognized by means of the vowel letters which accompany them (־ִי, ־ֵי, וּ, וֹ); e.g. יֵיטִיב he does well, חֵיכָל palace, גְּבוּל Learn more...
